I'm making a project that involves a solid-spoked wheel, much like many car wheels are today without hub caps.
To cut down on the modeling I used some lathing and duplicate techniques.
I based my lathe outline on a rotoscope diagram. I used two CPs at every corner to make a sharpish but still-beveled edge...
This wheel has 8 spokes (with 8 holes in between) and a bump on each spoke. The easiest way to model a round bump or hole is to stitch it in on splines between two other splines. That means a minimum of four splines across for each instance of a hole and a spoke with a bump...
To support 8 holes/spokes, i need to do a 32 cross section lathe. (You set that at Tools>Options>Modeling)...
However, the five-pointers around holes and bumps prefer not to be stretched very far or around large turns. I'll need extra splineage where I've drawn it in...
To create those spline I put some extra CPs in the lathe outline where i wouldn't normally need them for a straight spline.
I broke up one spline crossing and spread the edge splines apart to start the pie-shaped hole...
Connect the front and back edge splines...
The corners are 6-points and need to be split into two 5-pointers.
I add a CP to the middle of each front-back spline with the Y key and stitch in a middle spline...
The five pointer patches are still visibly wrinkled from having to turn a large angle. I stitch in a new spline around the hole between the middle spline and the old square edges and hook in a new radial spline at each corner at the wide end of the hole...
Now the 5-pointers don't have to do much curve work.
I stitch in the oval spline for the bump on the spoke and that gets me one finished hole and spoke...
I could do this seven more time around the wheel, but there is an easier way...
I cut out the 5 lathe sections that contain this new modeling and deleted one lathe section on the edge to leave hanging splines...
I grouped that, set its Pivot to 0,0,0, the copied, pasted and rotated the pasted part 45°...
I connected each hanging spline to its immediate neighbor in the old section.
This new quarter section gets copied, pasted, rotated 90° and connected to make a half section.
The new half section gets copied, pasted, rotated 180° and connected to make a complete wheel.